{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":6,"sheets":["Supplement B","Cereals","OSR","simplified traits","traits1","traits 2"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":2,"macros":0,"external_links":0,"defined_names":0,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Supplement B","index":0,"n_rows":13,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":13,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[10,2,10,6]]}
{"$rows_empty":8}
[null,null,null,"Project Report No. 539"]
[]
[null,null,"Supplement B"]
[]
[null,null,"Pathogen characteristics (wheat and OSR diseases)"]

{"sheet":"Cereals","index":1,"n_rows":29,"n_cols":30,"rows_kept":29,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,7,0,11],[1,29,1,31],[0,2,0,6],[0,23,0,24],[0,12,0,13],[0,19,0,22],[0,15,0,18]]}
[null,null,"Host",{"$nulls":4},"Overwintering",{"$nulls":4},"Temperature",null,null,"Initial infection method",null,null,null,"Secondary infection method",null,null,null,"Temperature"]
["Pathogen","Disease","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","type of resting structure","substrate","conditions","Min","Max","Humidity %","Rainsplash","Windborne","Seedborne","Soilborne","Rainsplash","Windborne","Soilborne","Insect transmission","Min","Max",null,"Humidity %","conditions","Monocyclic/ polycyclic","Key epidemiological features"]
["Ascochyta spp.","Leaf Scorch","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","pycnidia","debris",{"$nulls":4},"rainsplash",null,null,null,"rainsplash","Windborne"]
["Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici","Black (Stem) Rust","Wheat",{"$nulls":5},"resting structures","teliospores","debris",{"$nulls":5},"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,15,20,"+",null,null,null,"Barberry secondary host in spring"]
["Puccinia triticina","Brown (Leaf) Rust","Wheat",{"$nulls":5},"resting structures","basidiospores","volunteers",null,5,25,100,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,15,22,"+",100,"heavy dew, light rain"]
["Puccinia hordei","Brown (Leaf) Rust",null,"Barley",{"$nulls":4},"resting structures","basidiospores","volunteers",null,15,22,100,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,15,22,"+",100]
["Puccinia recondita","Brown (Leaf) Rust",null,null,null,"Rye","Triticale",null,"resting structures","basidiospores","volunteers",null,15,22,100,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,15,22,"+",100]
["Tilletia tritici","Bunt (Stinking Smut)","Wheat",{"$nulls":5},"resting structures","teliospores","seed","dry",5,15,null,null,null,"Seedborne",null,null,"Windborne",{"$nulls":7},"monocyclic"]
["Hymenella cerealis","Cephalosporium Leaf Stripe","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium",null,null,"debris","warm, wet winter; cool spring",{"$nulls":6},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":9},"monocyclic"]
["Tilletia controversa","Dwarf Bunt","Wheat","Barley",null,"Rye","Triticale",null,"resting structures","teliospores","soil","snow",1,5,{"$nulls":4},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":9},"monocyclic","Not yet known in UK"]
["Claviceps purpurea","Ergot","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","sclerotia","soil","moisture after cold temps",{"$nulls":4},"Windborne",{"$nulls":5},"Insect",{"$nulls":4},"cool & wet during flowering"]
["Oculimacula yallundae","Eyespot","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium",null,null,"volunteers & debris",null,5,12,98,"rainsplash"]
["Cochliobolus sativus","Foot Rot","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","pseudothecia","debris","moisture",{"$nulls":6},"Soilborne","rainsplash",{"$nulls":7},"warm & dry","monocyclic","in-plant development function of thermal time"]
["Fusarium culmorum","Foot Rot/Ear Blight","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale",null,"resting structures","chlamydospores","debris",{"$nulls":6},"Seedborne","Soilborne","rainsplash",{"$nulls":7},"cool & wet during flowering"]
["Fusarium graminearum","Ear Blight","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale",null,"resting structures","chlamydospores","debris",{"$nulls":5},"Windborne",null,null,"rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"26.4 optimum",null,null,null,"cool & wet during flowering",null,"Min till, maize previous crop increases risk"]
["Seleophoma donacis","Halo Spot","Wheat","Barley",{"$nulls":4},"resting structures","pycnidia","debris",{"$nulls":4},"Rainsplash",null,"Seedborne","Soilborne","Rainsplash",{"$nulls":7},"cool moist conditions",null,"traditionally in SW England"]
["Phaeosphaeria nodorum","Leaf and Glume Blotch","Wheat","Barley",null,"Rye",null,"mycelium","resting structures","pseudothecia & pycnidia","volunteers, debris & seed",null,20,27,100,"Rainsplash","Windborne","Seedborne",null,"Rainsplash"]
["Ustilago nuda","Loose Smut","Wheat","Barley","Oats",null,null,"mycelium",null,null,"seed",{"$nulls":6},"Seedborne",{"$nulls":10},"monocyclic"]
["Omphalina pyxidata","Omphalina Patch","Wheat","Barley",null,null,null,"mycelium","resting structures","sclerotia","soil & debris",{"$nulls":7},"Soilborne",null,"Windborne"]
["Blumeria graminis","Powdery Mildew","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","cleistothecia","volunteers","dry",5,30,95,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,5,30,null,95,"dry","polycyclic"]
["Thanatephorus cucumeris","Rhizoctonia Stunt","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","sclerotia","soil & debris",{"$nulls":7},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":10},"direct drill, min till increase risk"]
["Rhynchosporium secalis","Leaf Scald",null,"Barley",null,"Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures",null,"volunteers, debris & seed",{"$nulls":4},"Rainsplash",null,"Seedborne","Soilborne","Rainsplash","Windborne"]
["Mycosphaerella graminicola","Septoria Leaf Blotch","Wheat",null,null,"Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","pseudothecia & pycnidia","volunteers, debris","high humidity",15,20,100,null,"Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash",{"$nulls":8},"polycyclic"]
["Ceratobasidium cereale","Sharp Eyespot","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium",null,null,"volunteers, debris","dry",8,10,{"$nulls":4},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":9},"monocyclic"]
["Monographella nivalis","Snow Mould","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium","resting structures","perithecia","debris","snow",-5,0,{"$nulls":4},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":10},"autumn sown crops more susceptible.  Appears after snow"]
["Typhula incarnata","Snow Rot","Wheat","Barley",{"$nulls":4},"resting structures","sclerotia","debris","snow",{"$nulls":6},"Soilborne",{"$nulls":10},"autumn sown crops more susceptible.  Appears after snow"]
["Gaeumannomyces graminis","Take-all","Wheat","Barley","Oats","Rye","Triticale","mycelium",null,null,"volunteers, debris",{"$nulls":7},"Soilborne",null,null,"soilborne",{"$nulls":5},"poor drainage & nutrient status",null,"early sowing & light seedbeds favour infection"]
["Pyrenophora tritici-repentis","Tan Spot","Wheat","Barley",null,"Rye",null,"mycelium","resting structures","pseudothecia","debris",{"$nulls":5},"Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash",{"$nulls":7},"warm wet"]
["Puccinia striiformis","Yello (Stripe) Rust","Wheat","Barley",null,null,"Triticale","mycelium",null,null,"volunteers",null,10,15,100,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",null,null,null,20,null,null,null,"polycyclic"]

{"sheet":"OSR","index":2,"n_rows":15,"n_cols":22,"rows_kept":15,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,10,0,13],[0,14,0,15],[0,6,0,9],[0,2,0,5],[0,16,0,19]]}
[null,null,"Overwintering",null,null,null,"Optimum Conditions",null,null,null,"Initial infection method",null,null,null,"Secondary infection method",null,"Optimum Conditions"]
["Pathogen","Disease","mycelium","resting structures","type of resting structure","substrate","Temp Min","Temp Max","Humidity %","Environment","Rainsplash","Windborne","Seedborne","Soilborne","Rainsplash","Windborne","Temp Min","Temp Max","Humidity %","Environment","Monocyclic/ polycyclic","Notes"]
["Typhula gyrans","Root Rot",null,"resting structures","sclerotia","soil",-5,5,null,"snow cover",null,null,null,"Soilborne",{"$nulls":6},"monocyclic"]
["Pyrenopeziza brassicae","Light Leaf Spot","mycelium",null,null,"debris",5,15,90,"cool wet autum, mild humid winter","Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",5,15,90,null,"polycyclic"]
["Leptosphaeria maculans","Stem Canker",null,"resting structures","pseudothecia & pycnidia","debris",5,15,90,"warm wet winter",null,"Windborne",{"$nulls":8},"monocyclic","in-plant development function of thermal time"]
["Hyaloperonospora parasitica","Downy Mildew",null,"resting structures","oospores","debris",10,15,95,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",10,15,95,"high humidity followin rain, mist, heavy dew","polycyclic"]
["Botrytis cinerea","Grey Mould","mycelium",null,null,"debris",10,20,95,"free water","Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",10,20,95,"cool, humid"]
["Mycosphaerella capsellae","White Leaf Spot","mycelium","resting structures","pseudothecia","debris",10,20,null,"persistent rain","Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",14,20,null,"persistent rain"]
["Mycosphaerella brassicicola","Ring Spot",null,"resting structures","pseudothecia","debris",16,20,100,"rain","Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",16,20,100,"cool moist"]
["Erysiphe cruciferarum","Powdery Mildew","mycelium","resting structures","cleistothecia","volunteers",17,20,95,"dry",null,"Windborne",null,null,null,"Windborne",17,20,95,null,"polycyclic"]
["Plasmodiophora brassicae","Clubroot",null,"resting structures","spores","galls in debris",20,30,null,"soil water",null,null,null,"Soilborne"]
["Alternaria brassicae","Dark Leaf and Pod Spot",null,"resting structures","conidia","debris & seed",22,25,null,"free water","Rainsplash","Windborne",null,null,"Rainsplash","Windborne",17,25,90,"humid","polycyclic"]
["Verticillium dahliae","Wilt","mycelium","resting structures","microsclerotia","soil, debris",15,19,{"$nulls":5},"Soilborne"]
["Rhizoctonia solani","Damping off","mycelium","resting structures","sclerotia","soil, debris",null,null,null,"high rainfall",null,null,"Seedborne","Soilborne",{"$nulls":5},"high rainfall at flowering followed by hot dry windy weather",null,"seedling stage most susceptible"]
["Scerotinia sclerotiroum","Stem Rot",null,"resting structures","sclerotia","soil",{"$nulls":5},"Windborne",{"$nulls":8},"monocyclic","ascospore release coincides with flowering"]

{"sheet":"simplified traits","index":3,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,4,0,6]]}
["Pathogen","Host","Disease","Monocyclic/ polycyclic","Key epidemiological features"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Primary inoculum","Secondary inoculum","Remarks","Refs."]
["Leptosphaeria maculans","OSR","Phoma stem canker","Monocyclic","Air-borne in UK","Not important in UK","Warm winters favour severe epidemics pre-harvest"]
["Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","OSR etc.","Stem rot","Monocyclic","Air-borne ascospores (spring)","None","Epidemic severe if ascospore release, petal fall and rainfall coincide (e.g. 2007)"]
["Verticillium longisporum","OSR","Verticillium","Monocyclic","Soil-borne mycelium","None","Infection occurs in autumn; disease develops only when there is a hot, dry spring (e.g. 2007)"]
["Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici","Wheat","Powdery Mildew","Polycyclic","Mainly crop debris (autumn) and sometimes air-borne ascospores (spring)","Splash/air-dispersed conidia ","Favours dry conditions, but requires high humidity for spores to germinate.  Optimum 15°C.  Doesn’t like it too hot."]
["Mycosphaerella graminicola","Wheat","Septoria leaf blotch","Polycyclic","Air-borne ascospores (autumn)","Splash-borne conidia (winter/spring)","Wet springs favour severe epidemics, dry summers and mild winters increase disease"]
["Puccinia triticina","Wheat","Brown rust","Polycyclic","Air-borne uredospores (spring)","Air-borne uredospores (spring)","Dry springs favour severe epidemic (e.g. 2007)"]
["Fusarium graminearum","Wheat","Ear blight","Effectively monocyclic","Splash dispersed conidia/?air-borne ascospores (spring)","Splash dispersed conidia ","Wheat only susceptible for a short period during flowering, so disease effectively monocyclic."]
["Rhynchosporium secalis","Barley (winter/spring)","Rhynchosporium ","Polycyclic","Either seed-borne or ?air-borne ascospores (autumn/spring)","Splash dispersed conidia (winter/spring)","Favoured by wet spring weather"]
["Cercospora beticola","Sugar beet","Cercospora","Polycyclic","Crop debris is key driver but can also be seed-borne (spring) ","Splash-dispersed conidia ","Favoured by wet & warm spring & summer weather "]

{"sheet":"traits1","index":4,"n_rows":5,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":5,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Species","Host range (in arable rotations)","Present Distribution","Summary of epidemic (epidemic type)","Conditions for sexual spore dispersal/survival","Conditions for asexual spore dispersal/survival","Infection conditions (of main spore type)","Latent period","Inoculum survival","Pathogen adaptabilility value (McDonald & Linde)","Key control decision point"]
["Mycosphaerella graminicola","Wheat, Triticale, Rye","All Europe","Polycyclic - airborne ascospore initiated followed by cycles of splash dispersed conidial infection.","Needs high RH. Ascospores not pigmented (hyaline)","Pycnidia are spread by rain splash up the plant.  Encouraged by frequest rain events.","Long wetness periods. Optimal temp. 15-20C but can be as low as 4C.","Varies with temp. and isolate. Temperate regions >14 days. Up to 40 days at low temps. 15 days at 17C. Evidence of ecotypic variation in different climatic zones (McDonald & Linde)","Saprophytic on  debris - promoted by dry summers. Disease favours wet weather & mild winters.",null,"Wetness on flag leaf emergence (ref)"]
["Blumeria graminis","Wheat, Triticale, Rye, Oats, Barley.  B. graminis f. sp. tritici is specific to wheat & triticale","Worldwide","Polycyclic - overwintering mycelium/ cleistothecia produce conidia/ ascospores in spring followed by cycles of airborne conidial infection.",null,"Favours alternation of wet and dry conditions.  Inhibited by free water.","Optimal temp. 15C but ranges from 5-30C.  Requires 98%RH for infection.  In dry conditions fresh spores can be produced in 7 days.  Encouraged by high N fertilization.",null,"Overwinters on crop debris.  Favours mild winters.",null,"Early application of fungicides at GS 6-8"]
["Puccinia triticina","Wheat","Worldwide","Polycyclic - overwintering mycelium produces uredospores in spring followed by cycles of airborne uredinial infection.",null,"Dry windy days with cool damp nights.","Optimal temp. 15C but ranges from 15-22C high humidity - heavy dew/light rain. Encouraged by excess N fertilization.",null,"Favours mild winters & warm springs."]
["Rhynchosporium secalis","Barley, Rye, Triticale","All temperate regions","Polycyclic - overwintering stroma on debris produce conidia which are splash (& for short distances wind) dispersed.  Seed-borne volunteer infections also produce conidia. Cycles of splash dispersed conidial infection follow.",null,"Conidia are spread by rain splash up the plant.  Encouraged by frequest rain events.","Free moisture/RH of 95-98%.  Conidial production most abundant from 10-20C.  Longer wetness periods increase the temperature range for infection.","14 day disease cycle at temps between 20-24C.  Lower temps slow development.  Higher temps halt it.  Long symptomless phases documented (S. Atkins)","Favours warm, wet winters.  Dislikes cool dry winters.  Overwinters on crop debris, volunteer seed (& grasses?)",null,"Fungicide application when disease seen on any of the top three leaves at/soon after flag leaf emergence (GS 39)"]

{"sheet":"traits 2","index":5,"n_rows":6,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":6,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Pathogen",null,"Host","Spore dispersal","Seasonality of primary inoculum","Infection conditions","Epidemic type","Adaptability","Inoculum survival","Yield losses"]
["Common name","Latin name","Wheat, Barley, etc.","rain/wind","very synchronised/ around most of year","cool/warm/hot/wet/dry","mono/ polycyclic","evidence of new races arising frequently","resting structures/ saprophytic on crop debris/ resistant fruiting bodies/ alternate hosts/ volunteers"]
["Yellow Rust","Puccinia striiformis","Wheat, Barley, Triticale","wind-borne uredospores","Present throughout season","10-15C, 100% RH. Inhibited by temps>20C, but some temp. tolerant strains exist.","poly","Yes","Overwinters in living host tissue.","40-50% recorded in susceptible cvs."]
["Crown Rust","Puccinia coronata","Oats","wind-borne uredospores carried for long distances","Present throughout season","Warm humid weather - 20-25C so  Epidemics usually occur June-July","poly",null,"Mycelium & uredia overwinter on volunteers & winter oats.  Teliospores overwinter on stubble, produce basidiospores that infect Buckthorn alternative host.  Aeciospores produced on buckthorn which infect oats.","10-20% in recent severe epidemics"]
["Ergot","Claviceps purpurea","Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Triticale","Primary ascospore inoculum: wind; secondary conidial inoculum: insect","Very synchronised to coincide with flowering",null,"mono",null,"Sclerotia produced in place of grains which fall to the ground at harvest and overwinter. Stroma produce ascospores in summer that are wind dispersed to infect ovaries of cereals and grasses.","Little effect on yield, but sclerotia contain toxic alkaloids."]
["Eyespot","Oculimacula yallundae","Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Triticale"]